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Potential role of microbiome in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelits (CFS/ME).
Lupo, GFD, Rocchetti, G, Lucini, L, Lorusso, L, Manara, E, Bertelli, M, Puglisi, E, Capelli, E
Scientific reports. 2021;11(1):7043
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelits (CFS/ME) is a severe multisystemic disease. The main symptom is persistent unexplained fatigue, it has inflammatory symptoms, is characterized by an abnormal immune response and dysfunction of energy metabolism. Recent studies suggest strong correlations between dysbiosis and other conditions such as intestinal disorders, autoimmune conditions, cancer and several neurological disorders. In the case of CFS/ME, some studies have shown an altered composition of the gut and oral microbiomes. In this study the oral and intestinal bacterial composition of CFS/ME patients were analysed and compared to a group of relatives and to a control population outside the families. This was to identify a possible effect of lifestyle habits and a microbial profile of CFS/ME syndrome. The study showed significant variations in both the intestinal and oral bacteria composition between CFS/ME patients, their relatives and external controls. There is a lot of interesting detail about the levels of specific bacteria in each group. Further studies are needed to better understand if the microbial composition changes are cause or consequence of the onset of CFS/ME and if they are related to any of the several secondary symptoms.
Abstract
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a severe multisystemic disease characterized by immunological abnormalities and dysfunction of energy metabolism. Recent evidences suggest strong correlations between dysbiosis and pathological condition. The present research explored the composition of the intestinal and oral microbiota in CFS/ME patients as compared to healthy controls. The fecal metabolomic profile of a subgroup of CFS/ME patients was also compared with the one of healthy controls. The fecal and salivary bacterial composition in CFS/ME patients was investigated by Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The metabolomic analysis was performed by an UHPLC-MS. The fecal microbiota of CFS/ME patients showed a reduction of Lachnospiraceae, particularly Anaerostipes, and an increased abundance of genera Bacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium compared to the non-CFS/ME groups. The oral microbiota of CFS/ME patients showed an increase of Rothia dentocariosa. The fecal metabolomic profile of CFS/ME patients revealed high levels of glutamic acid and argininosuccinic acid, together with a decrease of alpha-tocopherol. Our results reveal microbial signatures of dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota of CFS/ME patients. Further studies are needed to better understand if the microbial composition changes are cause or consequence of the onset of CFS/ME and if they are related to any of the several secondary symptoms.
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Hydroxytyrosol: A natural compound with promising pharmacological activities.
Bertelli, M, Kiani, AK, Paolacci, S, Manara, E, Kurti, D, Dhuli, K, Bushati, V, Miertus, J, Pangallo, D, Baglivo, M, et al
Journal of biotechnology. 2020;:29-33
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic phytochemical with antioxidant properties in vitro. It is a natural compound that can be found in olive leaves and oil. The main dietary source of hydroxytyrosol is extra virgin olive oil. Due to its bioavailability, chemical properties and easy formulation along with its lack of toxicity, hydroxytyrosol is considered an excellent food supplement by the nutraceutical and food industries. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential therapeutic effects of hydroxytyrosol in vivo. To do so, we conducted an electronic search in PubMed and other literature databases using "hydroxytyrosol", "beneficial effect/s", "pharmacology" as key-words. From this search, we found that hydroxytyrosol has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Hydroxytyrosol also improves endothelial dysfunction, decreases oxidative stress, and is neuro- and cardio-protective. Due to all these biological properties, hydroxytyrosol is currently the most actively investigated natural phenol. The evidence presented in this review suggests that hydroxytyrosol has great pharmacological potential.
3.
Taste, olfactory and texture related genes and food choices: implications on health status.
Precone, V, Beccari, T, Stuppia, L, Baglivo, M, Paolacci, S, Manara, E, Miggiano, GAD, Falsini, B, Trifirò, A, Zanlari, A, et al
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 2019;(3):1305-1321
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The food choices are due to a mixture of sensory signals including gustatory, olfactory, and texture sensations. The aim of this quality review was to update data about studies concerning genetics of taste, olfactory and texture receptors and their influence on the health status in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Pubmed database and Scopus, for articles published in English until December 2018. Two independent researches selected the studies and extracted the data. RESULTS The review confirms the importance of inter-individual variations in taste, olfactory and texture related genes on food choices and their implications in the susceptibility to nutrition-related conditions such as obesity, dental caries, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cancer. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge of variants in taste, olfactory and texture related genes can contribute to the prevention of diseases related to unhealthy nutrition. Further studies would be useful to identify other variants in the genes involved in these systems.